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PHP : Function Reference : CURL, Client URL Library Functions : curl_setopt

curl_setopt

Set an option for a cURL transfer (PHP 4 >= 4.0.2, PHP 5)
bool curl_setopt ( resource ch, int option, mixed value )

Example 438.  Initializing a new cURL session and fetching a web page

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<?php
// create a new cURL resource
$ch = curl_init();

// set URL and other appropriate options
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.example.com/");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);

// grab URL and pass it to the browser
curl_exec($ch);

// close cURL resource, and free up system resources
curl_close($ch);
?>

Related Examples ( Source code ) » curl_setopt

Examples ( Source code ) » Feed Validator
Examples ( Source code ) » Posting a file / image to twitpic.com using PHP and cUrl

Code Examples / Notes » curl_setopt

bendavis78
You can use CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION  with a callback inside an object.  This makes is it easy to capture the headers for later use.  For example:
<?
class Test
{
   public $headers;
   //...
   public function exec($opts)
   {
       $this->headers = array();
       $opts[CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION] = array($this, '_setHeader');
       $ch = curl_init();
       curl_setopt_array($ch, $opts);
       return curl_exec($ch);
   }
   private function _setHeader($ch, $header)
   {
       $this->headers[] = $header;
       return strlen($header);
   }
   
}
$test = new Test();
$opts = array(
  //... your curl opts here
);
$data = $test->exec($opts);
print_r($test->headers);
?>
...something like that
(This works in php v. 5.1.4)

mcknight
when specifing the file for either CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE or CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR you may need to use the full file path instead of just the relative path.

ikendra
Using cURL, I needed to call a third-party script which was returning binary data as attachment to pass on retrieved data again as attachment.
Problem was that the third-party script occassionally returned HTTP errors and I wanted to avoid passing on zero-length attachment in such case.
Combination of using CURLOPT_FAILONERROR and CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION callback helped to process the third-party script HTTP errors neatly:
<?
function curlHeaderCallback($resURL, $strHeader) {
   if (preg_match('/^HTTP/i', $strHeader)) {
       header($strHeader);
       header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file-name.zip"');
   }
   return strlen($strHeader);
}
$strURL = 'http://www.somesite.com/script-whichs-dumps-binary-attachment.php';
$resURL = curl_init();
curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_URL, $strURL);
curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, 'curlHeaderCallback');
curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
curl_exec ($resURL);
$intReturnCode = curl_getinfo($resURL, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
curl_close ($resURL);
if ($intReturnCode != 200) {
   print 'was error: ' . $intReturnCode;
}
?>

sleepwalker
Two things that I noted, one of which has been mentioned earlier, if you are connecting to an SSL site (https) and don't have the appropriate certificate, don't forget to set CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER as "false"... it's set to "true" by default. Scratched my head over 2 hours to figure this one out as I had a machine with an older version installed and everything worked fine without using this option on that one - but failed on other machines with newer versions.
Second very important thing, I've never had my scripts work (tried on various machines, multiple platforms) with a Relative path to a COOKIEJAR or COOKIEFILE. In my experience I HAVE to specify the absolute path and not the relative path.
Small script I wrote to connect to a page, gather all cookies into a jar, connect to another page to login, taking the cookiejar with you for authentication:
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "/Library/WebServer/Documents/tmp/cookieFileName");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"https://www.example.com/myaccount/start.asp");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
ob_start();      // Prevent output
curl_exec ($ch);
ob_end_clean();  // End preventing output
curl_close ($ch);
unset($ch);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "field1=".$f1."&field2=".$f2."&SomeFlag=True");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/Library/WebServer/Documents/tmp/cookieFileName");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"https://www.example.com/myaccount/Login.asp");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
$result = curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close ($ch);

22-sep-2001 05:52
To make a POST in multipart/form-data mode
(to upload a file for example) you can use
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$post);
where $post is an array :
$post['key1'] = 'data1'  
//  like a text field in a POST
$post['file1'] = '@filename1'
// upload filename1
For more informations see the
curl_formparse man page.

paul
To make a POST in multipart/form-data mode
this worked for me, the " \n" at the end of the variables was very important on my OS X server.
<?php
$file = "file_to_upload.txt";
$submit_url = "http://www.url_to_upload_to.com/upload_page.php";
$formvars = array("cc"=>"us \n");
$formvars[variable_1] = "bla bla \n";
$formvars[variable_2] = "bla bla \n";
$formvars[variable_3] = "bla bla \n";
$formvars[variable_4] = "bla bla \n";
$formvars[upfile] = "@$file"; // "@" causes cURL to send as file and not string (I believe)
// init curl handle
   $ch = curl_init($submit_url);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "my_cookies.txt");  //initiates cookie file if needed
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "my_cookies.txt");  // Uses cookies from previous session if exist
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, "http://www.last_url_for_referer_logs.com");  //if server needs to think this post came from elsewhere
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,1); // follow redirects recursively
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $formvars);
   // perform post
   echo $pnp_result_page = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close ($ch);
?>

dustin hawkins
To further expand upon use of CURLOPT_CAPATH and CURLOPT_CAINFO...
In my case I wanted to prevent curl from talking to any HTTPS server except my own using a self signed certificate. To do this, you'll need openssl installed and access to the HTTPS Server Certificate (server.crt by default on apache)
You can then use a command simiar to this to translate your apache certificate into one that curl likes.
$ openssl x509 -in server.crt -out outcert.pem -text
Then set CURLOPT_CAINFO equal to the the full path to outcert.pem and turn on CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER.
If you want to use the CURLOPT_CAPATH option, you should create a directory for all the valid certificates you have created, then use the c_rehash script that is included with openssl to "prepare" the directory.
If you dont use the c_rehash utility, curl will ignore any file in the directory you set.

bvwj
To collect cookies recieved with a request, set CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR "cookieFileName".  Then use CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE "cookieFileName" to recall them in subsequent transactions.

andrabr
This is very clear in hindsight, but it still cost me several hours:
curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, 1);
means that you will tunnel THROUGH the proxy, as in "your communications will go as if the proxy is NOT THERE".
Why do you care? - Well, if you are trying to use, say, Paros, to debug HTTP between your cURL and the server, with CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL set to TRUE Paros will not see or log your traffic thus defeating the purpose and driving you nuts.
There are other cases, of course, where this option is extremely useful...

skyogre __at__ yandex __dot__ ru
There is really a problem of transmitting $_POST data with curl in php 4+ at least.
I improved the encoding function by Alejandro Moreno to work properly with mulltidimensional arrays.
<?php
function data_encode($data, $keyprefix = "", $keypostfix = "") {
 assert( is_array($data) );
 $vars=null;
 foreach($data as $key=>$value) {
   if(is_array($value)) $vars .= data_encode($value, $keyprefix.$key.$keypostfix.urlencode("["), urlencode("]"));
   else $vars .= $keyprefix.$key.$keypostfix."=".urlencode($value)."&";
 }
 return $vars;
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, substr(data_encode($_POST), 0, -1) );
?>

aaron stephanic
The parse_response code below does not return multiple cookies as the value of 'Set-Cookie' if multiple cookies are set by the server.  It appears to only return the last cookie set.

tim dot php
The page http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html at the cURL site has a list of all the CURLOPTS, including many not mentioned here. Also see http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/php/examples/ for cURL examples in PHP.

chuck
The explanation of CURLOPT_NOBODY ("TRUE to exclude the body from the output.") seems unclear to me -- I originally read "output" to mean the return value, i.e. the response.  In fact it means to exclude the body from your *request*.  Not sure whether "output" means the same thing for CURLOPT_HEADER though.

mr
Sometimes you can't use CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR and CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE becoz of the server php-settings(They say u may grab any files from server using these options). Here is the solution
1)Don't use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION
2)Use curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1)
3)Grab from the header cookies like this:
preg_match_all('|Set-Cookie: (.*);|U', $content, $results);
$cookies = implode(';', $results[1]);
4)Set them using curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE,  $cookies);
Good Luck, Yevgen

alfredoaguirre dot v
Seems that CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER Option set to TRUE, returns a "1" when the transaction returns a blank page.
I think is for eliminate the FALSE to can be with a blank page as return

phpnet
Resetting CURLOPT_FILE to STDOUT won't work by calling curl_setopt() with the STDOUT constant or a php://output stream handle (at least I get error messages when trying the code from phpnet at andywaite dot com). Instead, one can simply reset it as a side effect of CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER. Just say
curl_setopt($this->curl,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,0);
and following calls to curl_exec() will output to STDOUT again.

vincent
Please note that the CURLOPT_INTERFACE setting only accepts IP addresses and hostnames of the local machine. It is not meant to send a URL to a specific IP address.

rob
Options not included in the above, but that work (Taken from the libcurl.a C documentation)
CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
Pass a long using one of the values from below, to make libcurl use your desired level of SSL for the ftp transfer. (Added in 7.11.0)
CURLFTPSSL_NONE
Don't attempt to use SSL.
CURLFTPSSL_TRY
Try using SSL, proceed as normal otherwise.
CURLFTPSSL_CONTROL
Require SSL for the control connection or fail with CURLE_FTP_SSL_FAILED.
CURLFTPSSL_ALL
Require SSL for all communication or fail with CURLE_FTP_SSL_FAILED.

joeldegan
Often times people ask about how to get data from secure servers.
Here is an example of getting the balance page from Paypal
<?
# script by Joel De Gan
# http://listbid.com
function GetCurlPage ($pageSpec) {

$agent = "up.b";
$header[] = "Accept: text/vnd.wap.wml,*.*";
  $ch = curl_init($pageSpec);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1); ########### debug
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $agent);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cook");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cook");
  $tmp = curl_exec ($ch);
  curl_close ($ch);
return $tmp;
}
function PostCurlPage ($pageSpec, $data) {

$agent = "up.b";
$header[] = "Accept: text/vnd.wap.wml,*.*";
  $ch = curl_init($pageSpec);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1); ########### debug
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $agent);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cook");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cook");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);

  $tmp = curl_exec ($ch);
  curl_close ($ch);
return $tmp;
}
$first = GetCurlPage("https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/phscr?cmd=login");
$exp = explode("=", $first);
$id = explode("\"", $exp[16]);
$second = PostCurlPage("https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/phscr?rs=".$id[0], "email=EMAIL@HOST.COM&pass=YOUR_PP_PASS&cmd=login-submit-pass");
echo $second."\n\n";
?>

m dot fische
note: if your option comes from a variable eg:
$option = "CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER";
$value = "1";
this will fail:
curl_setopt($ch,$option,$value);
because the curl option is a constant.
use the function constant() to get the value:
curl_setopt($ch,constant($option),$value);

php
Note that if you want to use a proxy and use it as a _cache_, you'll have to do:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Pragma: "));
else by default Curl puts a "Pragma: no-cache" header in and thus force cache misses for all requests.

awestholm
Just because the docs are rather sparse on this, to set multiple values in a cookie, you separate them with a semicolon, as usual. An example, yo set j to j and k to k:
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_COOKIE,"j=j;k=k");
-- Alex

me
Just a reminder: When setting your CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS remember to replace the spaces in your values with %20

asmith
It's possible to take advantage of multiple URLs on the same host in one curl_exec transaction ... just use multiple instances of CURLOPT_URL.
Example:
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://foo.com/a.html");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://foo.com/b.html");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://foo.com/c.html");
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
... the URLs appear to be hit in the same order they are entered. This takes advantage of cURL's Persistant Connection capability if all the URLs are on the same host!

jamolkhon
in response to "brett at brettbrewer dot com":
another useful way of getting headers without using regular expression
<?php
class CCurl {
var $m_handle;
var $m_header;
var $m_body;

function CCurl($sUrl) {
$this->m_handle = curl_init();
curl_setopt($this->m_handle, CURLOPT_URL, $sUrl);
curl_setopt($this->m_handle, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_setopt($this->m_handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
return;
}

function getHeader() {
return $this->m_header;
}

function execute() {
$sResponse = curl_exec($this->m_handle);
$this->m_body = substr($sResponse, strpos($sResponse, "\r\n\r\n") + 4);
$this->m_header = substr($sResponse, 0, -strlen($this->m_body));
return $this->m_body;
}

function close() {
curl_close($this->m_handle);
return;
}
}
?>
(you can add something or make some changes to suit your needs)

killerwhile
In response to "brett at brettbrewer dot com" and Jamolkhon, the fact you don't take into account is when a redirection (Location: ...) occurs, all the headers are given so the \r\n\r\n can also separate twp consecutive headers.
An even better trick to get the header is to use CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE :
$header_size = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE);
$headers = substr($output, 0, $header_size - 4);
$body = substr($output, $header_size);
Then $headers contains all the headers.

bvr
If you'd like to include extra headers in your POST request, you can accomplish this by setting the following option:
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER
This is similar to the CURL -H command line switch.
Thanks to Daniel Stenberg for pointing out this usefull feature!
Note: this option was first supported in PHP version 4.03 .

fil
If you want to connect to a secure server for posting info/reading info, you need to make cURL with the openSSL options. Then the sequence is nearly identical to the previous example (except http_S_://, and possibly add the useragent):
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"https://secure.website.com");
//some sites only accept your request if your browser looks legit, so send a useragent profile...
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)");

ron
If you specify a CAINFO, note that the file must be in PEM format! (If not, it won't work).
Using Openssl you can use:
openssl x509 -in <cert> -inform d -outform PEM -out cert.pem
To create a pem formatted certificate from a binary certificate (the one you get if you download the ca somewhere).

mrcheezy
If you set return transfer to 1 and are sending a post form and find that this crashes php try setting follow location to 1 also. I'm not exactly sure why this crashed, but after i used follow it stopped.
     curl_setopt ($sess, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, '1');
     curl_setopt ($sess, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, '1');

patrick fournier
If you pass a string as the argument to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, your data will be interpreted as x-www-form-urlencoded; if you pass an array, it will be interpreted as multi-part form-data.
So if you want to upload a file:
- pass an array to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
- do not urlencode your data
- put a @ in front of your file name.

eion
If you are trying to use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION and you get this warning:
Warning: curl_setopt() [function.curl-setopt]: CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when in safe_mode or an open_basedir is set...
then you will want to read http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-4.php which says "Disabled CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION in curl when open_basedir or safe_mode are enabled." as of PHP 4.4.4/5.1.5.  This is due to the fact that curl is not part of PHP and doesn't know the values of open_basedir or safe_mode, so you could comprimise your webserver operating in safe_mode by redirecting (using header('Location: ...')) to "file://" urls, which curl would have gladly retrieved.
Until the curl extension is changed in PHP or curl (if it ever will) to deal with "Location:" headers, here is a far from perfect remake of the curl_exec function that I am using.
Since there's no curl_getopt function equivalent, you'll have to tweak the function to make it work for your specific use.  As it is here, it returns the body of the response and not the header.  It also doesn't deal with redirection urls with username and passwords in them.
<?php
function curl_redir_exec($ch)
{
static $curl_loops = 0;
static $curl_max_loops = 20;
if ($curl_loops++ >= $curl_max_loops)
{
$curl_loops = 0;
return FALSE;
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
list($header, $data) = explode("\n\n", $data, 2);
$http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if ($http_code == 301 || $http_code == 302)
{
$matches = array();
preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
$url = @parse_url(trim(array_pop($matches)));
if (!$url)
{
//couldn't process the url to redirect to
$curl_loops = 0;
return $data;
}
$last_url = parse_url(curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL));
if (!$url['scheme'])
$url['scheme'] = $last_url['scheme'];
if (!$url['host'])
$url['host'] = $last_url['host'];
if (!$url['path'])
$url['path'] = $last_url['path'];
$new_url = $url['scheme'] . '://' . $url['host'] . $url['path'] . ($url['query']?'?'.$url['query']:'');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $new_url);
debug('Redirecting to', $new_url);
return curl_redir_exec($ch);
} else {
$curl_loops=0;
return $data;
}
}
?>

michael sky
if you are trying to connect to 'https://...' and after that want to work with POST data - that's the way:
$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)");
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookiefile");
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookiefile"); # SAME cookiefile
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, "url1"); # this is where you first time connect - GET method authorization in my case, if you have POST - need to edit code a bit
$xxx = curl_exec($curl);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, "url2"); # this is where you are requesting POST-method form results (working with secure connection using cookies after auth)
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "var1=value&var2=value&var3=value&"); # form params that'll be used to get form results
$xxx = curl_exec($curl);
curl_close ($curl);
echo $xxx;

mcbreen
If you are getting the following error:
SSL: certificate subject name 'domain-or-ip-1.com' does not match target host name 'domain-or-ip-2.com'
Then you can set the following option to get around it:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE);

jochem
I have seen two posts complaining the "CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS" option is not working well.
This was the solution given below:
  $o="";
  foreach ($post_data as $k=>$v)
  {
      $o.= "$k=".utf8_encode($v)."&";
  }
  $post_data=substr($o,0,-1);
The assumption that this is an error is not true, as stated on http://curl.rtin.bz/docs/httpscripting.html:
"  The data you send to the server MUST already be properly encoded, curl will
 not do that for you. For example, if you want the data to contain a space,
 you need to replace that space with %20 etc. Failing to comply with this
 will most likely cause your data to be received wrongly and messed up."
This means you do really have to encode the data yourself the right way.

brett
I found it very annoying that cURL did not offer any easy way to extract the response headers. If you do
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
then you only get the headers output inline with the rest of your response. Here's a nice little function to parse the cURL response when you use CURLOPT_HEADER.  I took it from an example on another site and turned it into a function. It assumes you're using CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER to return the response to some variable that is then passed to the function. You just pass it a curl_exec result and it returns the result parsed into an array with headers broken up into their correct parts.
<?php
function parse_response($response){
/*
***original code extracted from examples at
***http://www.webreference.com/programming
                          /php/cookbook/chap11/1/3.html
***returns an array in the following format which varies depending on headers returned
[0] => the HTTP error or response code such as 404
[1] => Array
       (
           [Server] => Microsoft-IIS/5.0
           [Date] => Wed, 28 Apr 2004 23:29:20 GMT
           [X-Powered-By] => ASP.NET
           [Connection] => close
           [Set-Cookie] => COOKIESTUFF
           [Expires] => Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT
           [Content-Type] => text/html
           [Content-Length] => 4040
       )
    [2] => Response body (string)
*/
list($response_headers,$response_body) = explode("\r\n\r\n",$response,2);
   $response_header_lines = explode("\r\n",$response_headers);
   // first line of headers is the HTTP response code
   $http_response_line = array_shift($response_header_lines);
   if (preg_match('@^HTTP/[0-9]\.[0-9] ([0-9]{3})@',$http_response_line,
                  $matches)) {
       $response_code = $matches[1];
   }
   // put the rest of the headers in an array
   $response_header_array = array();
   foreach ($response_header_lines as $header_line) {
       list($header,$value) = explode(': ',$header_line,2);
       $response_header_array[$header] = $value;
   }
   return array($response_code,$response_header_array,$response_body);
}
?>

ale
I don't know if in PHP 5+ this problem is solved, but, when I send via POST using CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS some times it doesnt work an associative array as parameter... and, if I need to send non-ascii characters (like á,é,ñ,ü,etc..) this problem appears too.
The solution is to encode in a unique string all the post key=>values
Possibly this code doesnt work:
<?php
$post_data = array();
$post_data['var1'] = "Diseño web uruguay";
$post_data['var2'] = "Other string";
$url = "http://www.someurl.com/";
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, );
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_data);
$result = curl_exec($ch);
?>
But this works:
<?php
$post_data = array();
$post_data['var1'] = "Diseño web uruguay";
$post_data['var2'] = "Other string";
$url = "http://www.someurl.com/";
$o="";
foreach ($post_data as $k=>$v)
{
$o.= "$k=".utf8_encode($v)."&";
}
$post_data=substr($o,0,-1);

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, );
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_data);
$result = curl_exec($ch);
?>
Rgds.
Alejandro Moreno.-

paul dot ebermann
I changed the parse_response() function given by "brett at brettbrewer dot com", so it now ignores 1xx-responses, which may come before the real response.
<?php
function parse_response($response){
  /*
  ***original code extracted from examples at
  ***http://www.webreference.com/programming
                          /php/cookbook/chap11/1/3.html
  ***returns an array in the following format which varies depending on headers returned
      [0] => the HTTP error or response code such as 404
      [1] => Array
      (
          [Server] => Microsoft-IIS/5.0
          [Date] => Wed, 28 Apr 2004 23:29:20 GMT
          [X-Powered-By] => ASP.NET
          [Connection] => close
          [Set-Cookie] => COOKIESTUFF
          [Expires] => Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT
          [Content-Type] => text/html
          [Content-Length] => 4040
      )
      [2] => Response body (string)
*/
  do
{
  list($response_headers,$response) = explode("\r\n\r\n",$response,2);
  $response_header_lines = explode("\r\n",$response_headers);
  // first line of headers is the HTTP response code
  $http_response_line = array_shift($response_header_lines);
  if (preg_match('@^HTTP/[0-9]\.[0-9] ([0-9]{3})@',$http_response_line,
 $matches)) {
$response_code = $matches[1];
  }
  else
{
  $response_code = "Error";
}
}
  while (substr($response_code, 0,1) == "1");
  $response_body = $response;
 
  // put the rest of the headers in an array
  $response_header_array = array();
  foreach ($response_header_lines as $header_line) {
      list($header,$value) = explode(': ',$header_line,2);
      $response_header_array[$header] = $value;
  }
  return array($response_code,$response_header_array,$response_body);
}
?>

paczor
How to get rid of response after POST: just add callback function for returned data (CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION) and make this function empty.
function curlHeaderCallback($ch, $strHeader) {
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, 'curlHeaderCallback')

raul
Hi!
I have found some information I am sure it could help lot of programmers when they want to connect with curl to any https website and they haven't a good or right CA Cert :)
I give you just one example It has resolved me 2 hours of my time looking for a solution.
It is simple, just if you get any error in the curl_exec (use curl_error(...) to see the error to trace it) add the next line and everything is solved:
(note: replace $ch with the right curl variable)
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
<?php
$ch = curl_init();
$res= curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"https://yoururl/cgi");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "Idc=si&");
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$xyz = curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close ($ch);
echo $xyz;
if ($xyz == NULL) {
          echo "Error:
";
          echo curl_errno($ch) . " - " . curl_error($ch) . "
";
}
?>
I hope this helps.
Raul Mate Galan
Ceo Navenetworks Corp.
Note: Thanks to Ruben Lopez Gea for his help too.

yura pylypenko plyrvt
Each example of CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS in these comments has missing urlencode() on variable values. This should be applied according to RFC1738
<?php
$vars=null;
foreach($data as $key=>$value)
if($key && $value)
 $vars.=$key."=".urlencode($value)."&";
?>

sr2899.at.hotmail.com
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER has the interesting behaviour of tacking a null char onto the end of the string.  This null char is actually on the end of the php string, and can cause some odd results if you're not expecting it to be there.

tychay
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER is NOT like the -H command line switch. The command line switch adds or replaces headers (much like the header() line in PHP, but for HTTP clients instead of servers), but the curl extension will eliminate the headers cURL sends by default.
For instance, your Authorization, Host, Referer, Pragma, and Accept headers which are normally written by default or by other CURLOPT_*'s.
Also, it might seem intuitive that this should accept an array hash of header->values, but this is not the case. It accepts an array of strings of the format "Header: Value", much like the -H command-line switch.
Hope this helps,
terry

jon freilich
curl will sometimes return an "Empty reply from server" error if you don't send a User-Agent string.  Use the CURLOPT_USERAGENT option.

philippe dot jausions
Clarification on the callback methods:
- CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION is for handling header lines received *in the response*,
- CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION is for handling data received *from the response*,
- CURLOPT_READFUNCTION is for handling data passed along *in the request*.
The callback "string" can be any callable function, that includes the array(&$obj, 'someMethodName') format.
-Philippe

23-oct-2002 08:04
beware that not all cURLlib constants are supported under php :
e.g. CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION or CURLOPT_WRITEDATA are not supported.
CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, although undocumented is supported. It takes the name of a user_defined function.
the function should take two arguments (the curl handle, and the inputdata) and return the length of the written data
e.g.
function myPoorProgressFunc($ch,$str){
global $fd;
$len = fwrite($fd,$str);
print("#");
return $len;
}
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,"myPoorProgressFunc");
Also be aware that CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION  does NOT take the CURLOPT_FILE as a parameter!
in curl lib it would take CURLOPT_WRITEDATA but this is not supported by php; that's why I use "global $fd;" in my exemple function.
CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION works the same, and is guaranteed to receive complete header lines as input!
Hope this helps
Ivan

azcappy
AZAds is a traffic exchange that we wrote. We wanted to come up with a way to check the UP or DOWN status of a submitted URL. Here is the solution we came up with. Can also be used for a site monitoring service.
<?
$uServer="$url";
@$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "$uServer");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
@curl_exec($ch);
$errnum=curl_errno($ch);
@curl_close($ch);
if($errnum != "0") {
    print "Remote Site Status: DOWN";
} else {
    print "Remote Site Status: UP";
}
?>
Simply feed the URL to be tested into $url. The code will check the site and return the error code if there is one and display to appropriate message.
Hope this is useful.
Keith
www.azads.net

zarko
As Yevgen mentioned earlier sometimes we can't use CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR and CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE. Below is a header callback function I wrote back in January that lets you maintain cookies between cURL requests. Cookies are added to $ch during all requests even during redirection, so you can use it together with CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION.
Here is the code:
function read_header($ch, $string)
{
   global $location; #keep track of location/redirects
   global $cookiearr; #store cookies here
   global $ch;
      # ^overrides the function param $ch
      # this is okay because we need to
      # update the global $ch with
      # new cookies
   
   $length = strlen($string);
   if(!strncmp($string, "Location:", 9))
   { #keep track of last redirect
     $location = trim(substr($string, 9, -1));
   }
   if(!strncmp($string, "Set-Cookie:", 11))
   { #get the cookie
     $cookiestr = trim(substr($string, 11, -1));
     $cookie = explode(';', $cookiestr);
     $cookie = explode('=', $cookie[0]);
     $cookiename = trim(array_shift($cookie));
     $cookiearr[$cookiename] = trim(implode('=', $cookie));
   }
   $cookie = "";
   if(trim($string) == "")
   {  #execute only at end of header
     foreach ($cookiearr as $key=>$value)
     {
       $cookie .= "$key=$value; ";
     }
     curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookie);
   }
   return $length;
}
Using the header function with curl (add this before curl_exec):
#don't forget globals, especially if you are using this in function
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, 'read_header');
This code assumes that you will reuse $ch without initializing it every time (call curl_init only once, in the beginning). If you need to initialize $ch again at any point in your code you can access the currently stored cookies in $cookiearr and include them in the new $ch.
I wrote this function before I had enough experience with regular expressions so you won't find any preg_match calls here. I have used this code for quite a while and without any problems accessing gmail, yahoo, hotmail, aol etc. where I had to go through login and a few pages before getting to what I was looking for.
Svetlozar Petrov (http://svetlozar.net)

mcknight
Another way to automate a login process and store multiple cookies for additional transfers.
(The easiest way is probably just to use CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR and CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE and save them to a file. But if you need to change those cookie values or add/delete them then you can use the code below to set them.)
Continuing with Paul Ebermann's parsing function.
function parse_response($this_response)
{
// Split response into header and body sections
list($response_headers, $response_body) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $this_response, 2);
$response_header_lines = explode("\r\n", $response_headers);
// First line of headers is the HTTP response code
$http_response_line = array_shift($response_header_lines);
if(preg_match('@^HTTP/[0-9]\.[0-9] ([0-9]{3})@',$http_response_line, $matches)) { $response_code = $matches[1]; }
// put the rest of the headers in an array
$response_header_array = array();
foreach($response_header_lines as $header_line)
{
list($header,$value) = explode(': ', $header_line, 2);
$response_header_array[$header] .= $value."\n";
}
return array("code" => $response_code, "header" => $response_header_array, "body" => $response_body);
}
// Do transfer, and make sure to include header in response
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "[login process]");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
// Parse the response message
$response = parse_response($response);
// Create the basic header
$this_header = array(
"MIME-Version: 1.0",
"Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1",
"Content-transfer-encoding: text"
);
// Add each cookie that has been returned in the response
// If cookies need to be added/deleted or value changed, then add code here
$cookies = explode("\n", $response["header"]["Set-Cookie"]);
foreach($cookies as $this_cookie) { array_push($this_header, "Cookie: ".$this_cookie); }
// Next set of transfers
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "[new transfer]");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $this_header);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);

phpnet
After setting CURLOPT_FILE, you may want want to revert back to the normal behaviour of displaying the results. This can be achieved using:
$fp = fopen ("php://output", "w") or die("Unable to open stdout for writing.\n");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);

yann dot corno
About the CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER option, it took me some time to figure out how to format the so-called 'Array'. It fact, it is a list of strings. If Curl was already defining a header item, yours will replace it. Here is an example to change the Content Type in a POST:
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, Array("Content-Type: text/xml"));
Yann

webmaster stauceni.com
A little mistake, that took a half-day to fix it:
When specifing CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE or CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR options, don't forget to "chmod 777" that directory where cookie-file must be created.

jakub horky
A bit more documentation (without minimum version numbers):
- CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION
- CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION
 Pass a function which will be called to write data or headers respectively. The callback function prototype:
long write_callback (resource ch, string data)
The ch argument is CURL session handle. The data argument is data received. Note that its size is variable. When writing data, as much data as possible will be returned in all invokes. When writing headers, exactly one complete header line is returned for better parsing.
The function must return number of bytes actually taken care of. If that amount differs from the amount passed to this function, an error will occur.
- CURLOPT_READFUNCTION
 Pass a function which will be called to read data. The callback function prototype:
string read_callback (resource ch, resource fd, long length)
The ch argument is CURL session handle. The fd argument is file descriptor passed to CURL by CURLOPT_INFILE option. The length argument is maximum length which can be returned.
The function must return string containing the data which were read. If length of the data is more than maximum length, it will be truncated to maximum length. Returning anything else than a string means an EOF.
[Note: there is more callbacks implemented in current cURL library but they aren't unfortunately implemented in php curl interface yet.]

giunta dot gaetano
- CURLOPT-HTTPAUTH is defined in php 4.4.2 9and maybe lower), even tough the manual says php 5.0 only...
- it is not clear from the manual what kind of http auth is carried out by default if user specifies username/pwd: it is BASIC auth
ps: note to manual writers: the version info on this page always looks a bit inaccurate, especially regarding the php version where a given option first appeared...

jckim
#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
<?php
$id = "xxxx";
$pw = "xxxx";
$LOGINURL = "http://login.daum.net/Mail-bin/login.cgi";
$GETURL   = "http://www.daum.net/Mail-bin/mail_list";
$POSTFIELDS = "id=$id&pw=$pw";
function AUTH_SITE_COOKIE_STORE($LOGINURL,$POSTFIELDS)
{
$parseURL = parse_url($LOGINURL);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "$parseURL[host].cookie");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"$LOGINURL");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "$POSTFIELDS");
ob_start();
curl_exec ($ch);
ob_end_clean();
curl_close ($ch);
return "$parseURL[host].cookie";
}
function AUTH_SITE_GET($GETURL,$cookieFile)
{
$parseURL = parse_url($GETURL);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "$cookieFile");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"$GETURL");
$result = curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close ($ch);

$fp = fopen ("$parseURL[host].html", "w");
fwrite($fp,$result);
fclose ($fp);
return $result;
}
$cookieFile = AUTH_SITE_COOKIE_STORE($LOGINURL,$POSTFIELDS);
echo $result = AUTH_SITE_GET($GETURL,$cookieFile);
?>

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Constants
curl_close
curl_copy_handle
curl_errno
curl_error
curl_exec
curl_getinfo
curl_init
curl_multi_add_handle
curl_multi_close
curl_multi_exec
curl_multi_getcontent
curl_multi_info_read
curl_multi_init
curl_multi_remove_handle
curl_multi_select
curl_setopt_array
curl_setopt
curl_version
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