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PHP : Function Reference : Socket Functions : socket_create

socket_create

Create a socket (endpoint for communication) (PHP 4 >= 4.0.7, PHP 5)
resource socket_create ( int domain, int type, int protocol )

Examples ( Source code ) » socket_create

<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);

echo "<h2>TCP/IP Connection</h2>\n";

/* Get the port for the WWW service. */
$service_port = getservbyname('www', 'tcp');

/* Get the IP address for the target host. */
$address = gethostbyname('www.example.com');

/* Create a TCP/IP socket. */
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
if ($socket === false) {
   echo "socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()) . "\n";
} else {
   echo "OK.\n";
}

echo "Attempting to connect to '$address' on port '$service_port'...";
$result = socket_connect($socket, $address, $service_port);
if ($result === false) {
   echo "socket_connect() failed.\nReason: ($result) " . socket_strerror(socket_last_error($socket)) . "\n";
} else {
   echo "OK.\n";
}

$in = "HEAD / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$in .= "Host: www.example.com\r\n";
$in .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
$out = '';

echo "Sending HTTP HEAD request...";
socket_write($socket, $in, strlen($in));
echo "OK.\n";

echo "Reading response:\n\n";
while ($out = socket_read($socket, 2048)) {
   echo $out;
}

echo "Closing socket...";
socket_close($socket);
echo "OK.\n\n";
?>

Code Examples / Notes » socket_create

matth ingersoll
When running these types of sockets, typically you need to be root or else they fail (not the case with stream sockets: http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-socket-server.php)
This is an example for Linux/Unix type systems to use sockets without being root. (tested on Debian and CentOS)
<?php
$user = "daemon";
$script_name = "uid"; //the name of this script
/////////////////////////////////////////////
//try creating a socket as a user other than root
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Trying to start a socket as user $user\n";
$uid_name = posix_getpwnam($user);
$uid_name = $uid_name['uid'];
if(posix_seteuid($uid_name))
{
       echo "SUCCESS: You are now $user!\n";
       if($socket = @socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1))
       {
               echo "SUCCESS: You are NOT root and created a socket! This should not happen!\n";
       } else {
               echo "ERROR: socket_create() failed because you're not root!\n";
       }
       $show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
       echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
} else {
       exit("ERROR: seteuid($uid_name) failed!\n");
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////
//no try creating a socket as root
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Trying to start a socket as user 'root'\n";
if(posix_seteuid(0))
{
       echo "SUCCESS: You are now root!\n";
       $show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
       echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
       if($socket = @socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1))
       {
               echo "SUCCESS: You created a socket as root and now should seteuid() to another user\n";
               /////////////////////////////////////////
               //now modify the socket as another user
               echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
               echo "Switching to user $user\n";
               if(posix_seteuid($uid_name))
               {
                       echo "SUCCESS: You are now $user!\n";
                       if(socket_bind($socket, 0, 8000))
                       {
                               echo "SUCCESS: socket_bind() worked as $user!\n";
                       } else {
                               echo "ERROR: Must be root to user socket_bind()\n";
                       }
                       $show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
                       echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
                       socket_close($socket); //hard to error check but it does close as this user
                       echo "SUCCESS: You closed the socket as user $user!\n";
               } else {
                       echo "ERROR: seteuid($uid_name) failed while socket was open!\n";
               }
       } else {
               echo "ERROR: Socket failed for some reason!\n";
       }
} else {
       exit("ERROR: Changing to root failed!\n");
}
?>

kyle gibson
Took me about 20 minutes to figure out the proper arguments to supply for a AF_UNIX socket. Anything else, and I would get a PHP warning about the 'type' not being supported. I hope this saves someone else time.
<?php
$socket = socket_create(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// code
?>

ionic
To david _at* eder #do; us:
Dependent on your system, you could, at least on LINUX, use exec with "/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet /{ print substr($2,9) }'" (also working for non-root users), that will work a little bit faster as your PHP function.
Though, we should keep in mind that users with safe_mode enabled are more or less forced to use the socket thing. :)

david
Sometimes when you are running CLI, you need to know your own ip address.
<?php
 $addr = my_ip();
 echo "my ip address is $addr\n";
 function my_ip($dest='64.0.0.0', $port=80)
 {
   $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
   socket_connect($socket, $dest, $port);
   socket_getsockname($socket, $addr, $port);
   socket_close($socket);
   return $addr;
 }
?>

jens
Please be aware that RAW sockets (as used for the ping example) are restricted to root accounts on *nix systems. Since web servers hardly ever run as root, they won't work on webpages.
On Windows based servers it should work regardless.

evan
Okay I talked with Richard a little (via e-mail). We agree that getprotobyname() and using the constants should be the same in functionality and speed, the use of one or the other is merely coding style. Personally, we both think the constants are prettier :).
The eight different protocols are the ones implemented in PHP- not the total number in existance (RFC 1340 has 98).
All we disagree on is using 0- Richard says that "accordning to the official unix/bsd sockets 0 is more than fine." I think that since 0 is a reserved number according to RFC 1320, and when used usually refers to IP, not one of it's sub-protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.)

06-jan-2006 10:36
Here's a ping function that uses sockets instead of exec().  Note: I was unable to get socket_create() to work without running from CLI as root.  I've already calculated the package's checksum to simplify the code (the message is 'ping' but it doesn't actually matter).
<?php
function ping($host) {
$package = "\x08\x00\x19\x2f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x70\x69\x6e\x67";
/* create the socket, the last '1' denotes ICMP */
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1);

/* set socket receive timeout to 1 second */
socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, array("sec" => 1, "usec" => 0));

/* connect to socket */
socket_connect($socket, $host, null);

/* record start time */
list($start_usec, $start_sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$start_time = ((float) $start_usec + (float) $start_sec);

socket_send($socket, $package, strlen($package), 0);

if(@socket_read($socket, 255)) {
list($end_usec, $end_sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$end_time = ((float) $end_usec + (float) $end_sec);

$total_time = $end_time - $start_time;

return $total_time;
} else {
return false;
}

socket_close($socket);
}
?>

email
Actually, you don't need to use
getprotobyname("tcp") but instead can use
the constants:  SOL_TCP  and   SOL_UDP.
Here an extract of the source from
ext/sockets which should make this clear.
if ((pe = getprotobyname("tcp"))) {
       REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("SOL_TCP", pe->p_proto,
       CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
}
Normally the third parameter can be set to 0. In the
original BSD Socket implementation the third parameter
(there are 8 different types, here only two) should be
IPPROTO_TCP or IPPROTO_UPD (or one of the 6 others ones).
These two parameters are though not warpped in PHP as
constants and therefore not available.
Please use SOL_TCP  and   SOL_UDP. e.g.:
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
Please be aware of the fact that UDP
and TCP can only be used with AF_INET which is: "Adress Family Internet". With UNIX Domain sockets TCP/UDP would make no sense!
best regards
-Richard-Moh Samar

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socket_clear_error
socket_close
socket_connect
socket_create_listen
socket_create_pair
socket_create
socket_get_option
socket_getpeername
socket_getsockname
socket_last_error
socket_listen
socket_read
socket_recv
socket_recvfrom
socket_select
socket_send
socket_sendto
socket_set_block
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socket_set_option
socket_shutdown
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