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PHP : Function Reference : String Functions : strtolower

strtolower

Make a string lowercase (PHP 4, PHP 5)
string strtolower ( string str )

Example 2470. strtolower() example

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<?php
$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str = strtolower($str);
echo $str; // Prints mary had a little lamb and she loved it so
?>

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Code Examples / Notes » strtolower

patricia
When you're not sure, how the current locale is set, you might find the following function useful. It's strtolower for utf8-formatted text:
<?php
function strtolower_utf8($inputString) {
$outputString = utf8_decode($inputString);
$outputString = strtolower($outputString);
$outputString = utf8_encode($outputString);
return $outputString;
}
?>
It's not suitable for every occasion, but it surely gets in handy. I use it for lowering German 'Umlauts' like ä and ö.

enzo_01
two functions what works with cyrilic text
function cyr_strtolower($a) {
       $offset=32;
       $m=array();
       for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i)]=chr($i+$offset);
       return strtr($a,$m);
}
function cyr_strtoupper($a) {
       $offset=32;
       $m=array();
       for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i+$offset)]=chr($i);
       return strtr($a,$m);
}
ex:
cyr_strtoupper("абвгде"); // АБВГДЕ
cyr_strtolower("АБВГДЕ"); // абвгде

dinçer akay
Turkish Character
<?php
   function strtolower_tr($string)
   {
       $low=array("Ãœ" => "ü", "Ö" => "ö", "Äž" => "ÄŸ", "Åž" => "ÅŸ", "Ç" => "ç", "Ä°" => "i", "I" => "ı");
       return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
   }
?>

kmcdermott
To do case insensitive comparisons in a database, strtolower() can be a quick and dirty solution:
$Sql = "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE LOWER(column_name) = '".strtolower($my_var)."'";

toringe
This will work for all languages using ISO8859_1 - more code than many other but fast.
<?php
function strtolower_iso8859_1($s){
$i = strlen($s);
while ($i > 0) {
--$i;
$c =ord($s[$i]);
if (($c & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
// two most significante bits on
if (($c != 215) and ($c != 223)){ // two chars OK as is
// to get lowercase set 3. most significante bit if needed:
$s[$i] = chr($c | 0x20);
}
}
}
return strtolower($s);
}
?>

mario dot kostelac
This is strtolower function for Croatian characters:
function strToLowerCro($string){
$string = strtolower($string);
$patterns[0] = '/Č/';
$patterns[1] = '/Ć/';
$patterns[2] = '/Ž/';
$patterns[3] = '/Å /';
$patterns[4] = '/Đ/';
$replacements[0] = 'č';
$replacements[1] = 'ć';
$replacements[2] = 'ž';
$replacements[3] = 'Å¡';
$replacements[4] = 'Ä‘';
$string = preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $string);
return $string;
}
Enjoy...

13-sep-2002 01:17
This function is sensible to the current locale, namely the LC_CTYPE category (the default LC_CTYPE category is set from the LANG environment variable or by an explicit LC_CTYPE setting, but it can be overriden by the LC_ALL environment setting). If no locale setting is done in the enironment, the default locale will be C, for which the lowercase/uppercase conversion is based on the default character set of the system: this may convert only ASCII letters, or also ISO-8859-1 letters depending on the system...

mhuggins57
There's a ucfirst "function" to make the first character uppercase, but there's no "lcfirst" function to make the first character lowercase.  Here's my own code to accomplish this.
<?
function lcfirst($str) {
   return strtolower(substr($str, 0, 1)) . substr($str, 1);
}
?>
I found this particularly useful for generating XML nodes with the Reflection class.

rok dot kralj
Slovenian characters
<?php
   function strtolower_slovenian($string)
   {
       $low=array("ÄŒ" => "č", "Ž" => "ž", "Å " => "Å¡");
       return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
   }
?>

mr dot blober
simple example for Polish characters
<?php
function strtolower_pl($str)
{
return strtr(strtolower($str), '[ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ]', '[ąćęłńóśźż]');
}
?>

hq063
Similar to last function, but for spanish
   function strtolower_es($string)
   {
       $low=array("Á" => "á", "É" => "é", "Í" => "í", "Ó" => "ó", "Ú" => "ú", "Ãœ" => "ü", "Ñ" => "ñ");
       return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
   }

fackelkind
Nifty? :D
<?php
       function is_lowercase ($str){
               return ($str == strtolower ($str));
       }
?>

marco
Maybe it is not so elegant, but it Works.
It's just a fast Idea and it is what I need.
Any hacks for other characters (link !, ? etc etc) should help.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
    $frase = "";
    $astri = explode(".", $string);
    foreach ($astri as $elem)
$frase .= " ".ucfirst(trim(strtolower($elem))).". ";
     
   return trim($frase);
}
Cheers!
M

patrick
If you're considering using the below unhtmlentities function from phpContrib, I would suggest this one as an alternative:
<?php
function unhtmlentities($string)
{
  // replace numeric entities
  $string = preg_replace('~&#x([0-9a-f]+);~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $string);
  $string = preg_replace('~&#([0-9]+);~e', 'chr(\\1)', $string);
  // replace literal entities
  $trans_tbl = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
  $trans_tbl = array_flip($trans_tbl);
  return strtr($string, $trans_tbl);
}
?>
That was copied exactly from the html_entity_decode manual page.  It'll handle numeric entities correctly, the below function won't.

spiceee ddotty spiceee com
If you ever need to strtolower a string with href tags on it and doesn't want to mess with the characters inside a tag, this is for you.
<?php
function loweroutsidetags ($str) {
$chars = preg_split ("//", $str);
$tolower = true;
$str = '';
foreach ($chars as $k) {
if ($k == '<') { $tolower = false; }
if ($tolower) { $k = strtolower ($k); }
$str .= $k;
if ($k == '>') { $tolower = true; }
}
return $str;
}
?>
this:
echo loweroutsidetags('aALalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">')
will give:
aalalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">

red
I've seen this as a common use from script developers, so I would like to share the alternative way to compare 2 string (CASE INSENSITIVE) without using strtolower for faster process.
Use strcasecmp() for comparison purpose rather than comparing uncertain case of 2 string variables, because strcasecmp() is approximately 60% faster, moreover, the greater its string length the greater the difference,!
Ex. case :
$var1; -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
$var2; -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
To compare whether $var1 is exactly the same as $var2 (case insensitive manner):
Use -> if (strcasecmp($var1,$var2)==0)
rather than -> if (strtolower($var1)==strtolower($var2))

eduardor2k
I changed it a bit and i found that it's better to put everything in lowercase, and rebuild the text the same way a teacher corrects a text, for now it only checks that the first letter after a point "." must be
in upper case.
   function RemoveShouting($string)
   {
       $string = strtolower(trim($string));
     
       for($i=0;$i<strlen($string);$i++){
     
           if($i==0){$string[$i] = strtoupper($string[$i]);}
         
           if($string[$i] == "."){
               while($string[$i+1] == " "){
                   $i++;
               }
               $string[$i+1] = strtoupper($string[$i+1]);
               $i++;
           }
       }
     
   return $string;
   }
this function would change:
Hi mi name is PETER. SOME TIMES I FORGOT TO DISABLE CAPS LOCK.
into:
Hi mi name is peter. Some times i forgot to disable caps lock.

bkimble
Heres a small function I wrote to stop people from submitting data that is ALL IN CAPS SO THEY CAN GET MORE ATTENTION THAT THE REST OF THE USER SUBMITTED DATA on my website :) If you can make it better, by all means do so. This function splits up words delimited by a space, and makes only the first letter of each word capitalized. You can easily modify it so it's only the very first word of the string. I've also added some exceptions so you don't make things like roman numerals look like "Iii" or "Xcmii" or something.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$lower_exceptions = array(
       "to" => "1", "a" => "1", "the" => "1", "of" => "1"
);

$higher_exceptions = array(  
       "I" => "1", "II" => "1", "III" => "1", "IV" => "1",  
       "V" => "1", "VI" => "1", "VII" => "1", "VIII" => "1",
       "XI" => "1", "X" => "1"
);

$words = split(" ", $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word)
{
 if (!$higher_exceptions[$word]) $word = strtolower($word);
 if (!$lower_exceptions[$word]) $word[0] = strtoupper($word[0]);
 array_push($newwords, $word);
}
return join(" ", $newwords);
}
BK

tty01_at_rambler_dot_ru
Another solution for Double-Byte-Characters, based on iconv() functions, not sensible to the current locale, works on win32.
/* Converts charset */
function myConvertCharset($str, $from, $to)
{
   if(@function_exists('iconv'))
   {
       return iconv($from, $to, $str);
   }
   else if(@function_exists('recode_string'))
   {
       return recode_string($from . '..'  . $to, $str);
   }
   else
   {
       print "function iconv not exists";
       return $str;
   }
}
/* Converts a string to lowercase */
function my_strtolower($s)
{
   $t = "windows-1251";
   $d = "UTF-8";
   return myConvertCharset(strtolower(myConvertCharset($s, $d, $t)), $t, $d);
}
print my_strtolower("СЛОВО  Uppercase");

phpcontrib a t esurfers d o t c o m
<?php
$b=html_entity_decode(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));
?>
will convert to lowercase most accented vocals
(it will convert À into &Agrave; into &agrave; into à)
This is not fast and clean code, it is just a quick oneliner to help you if you need a quick way to do it
 
Users with older versions of PHP can use:
$b=unhtmlentities(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));
// with unhtmlentities() as defined in the html_entity_decode() manual page:
function unhtmlentities ($string) {
$trans_tbl =get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES );
$trans_tbl =array_flip ($trans_tbl );
return strtr ($string ,$trans_tbl );
}

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