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PHP : Language Reference

Part III. Language Reference

Table of Contents

1. Basic syntax

Escaping from HTML
Instruction separation
Comments

Introduction

Syntax
Converting to boolean

Syntax
Integer overflow
Converting to integer

Floating point numbers

Converting to float

Syntax
Useful functions and operators
Converting to string
String conversion to numbers

Syntax
Useful functions
Array do's and don'ts
Converting to array
Comparing
Examples

Object Initialization
Converting to object

Converting to resource
Freeing resources

Syntax

Pseudo-types and variables used in this documentation

mixed
number
callback
void
...

Type Juggling

Type Casting

3. Variables

Predefined variables

Variable scope

The global keyword
Using static variables
References with global and static variables

Variable variables

Variables from outside PHP

HTML Forms (GET and POST)
HTTP Cookies
Dots in incoming variable names
Determining variable types

4. Constants

Syntax
Magic constants

5. Expressions

6. Operators

Operator Precedence

Arithmetic Operators

Assignment Operators

Bitwise Operators

Comparison Operators

Ternary Operator

Error Control Operators

Execution Operators

Incrementing/Decrementing Operators

Logical Operators

String Operators

Array Operators

Type Operators

7. Control Structures

Alternative syntax for control structures

Ticks

require_once

include_once

8. Functions

User-defined functions

Function arguments

Making arguments be passed by reference
Default argument values
Variable-length argument lists

Returning values

Variable functions

Internal (built-in) functions

9. Classes and Objects (PHP 4)

class
extends
Constructors
Scope Resolution Operator (::)
parent
Serializing objects - objects in sessions
The magic functions __sleep and __wakeup
References inside the constructor
Comparing objects

10. Classes and Objects (PHP 5)

Introduction

class
new
extends

Autoloading Objects

Constructors and Destructors

Constructor
Destructor

Members Visibility
Method Visibility

Scope Resolution Operator (::)

Static Keyword

Class Constants

Class Abstraction

Object Interfaces

implements
Examples

Overloading

Member overloading
Method overloading

Object Iteration

Factory
Singleton

Magic Methods

__sleep and __wakeup
__toString
__set_state

Final Keyword

Object cloning

Comparing objects

Table of Contents
Introduction
Reflector
ReflectionException
ReflectionFunction
ReflectionParameter
ReflectionClass
ReflectionObject
ReflectionMethod
ReflectionProperty
ReflectionExtension
Extending the reflection classes

Type Hinting

Late Static Bindings

Limitations of self::
Late Static Bindings' usage
Edge cases

11. Exceptions

Extending Exceptions

12. References Explained

What References Are

What References Do

What References Are Not

Passing by Reference

Returning References

Unsetting References

Spotting References

global References
$this

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PHP
Table of Contents
Getting Started
Installation and Configuration
Language Reference
Security
Features
Function Reference
Appendices

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