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PHP : Function Reference : Standard PHP Library (SPL) Functions

Standard PHP Library (SPL) Functions

Introduction

SPL is a collection of interfaces and classes that are meant to solve standard problems.

Tip:

A more detailed documentation of SPL can be found » here.

Installation

This extension is available and compiled by default in PHP 5.

Predefined Constants

The constants below are defined by this extension, and will only be available when the extension has either been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.

Warning:

SPL uses class constants since PHP 5.1. Prior releases use global constants in the form RIT_LEAVES_ONLY.

RecursiveIteratorIterator::LEAVES_ONLY (integer)
RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST (integer)
RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST (integer)
CachingIterator::CALL_TOSTRING (integer)
CachingIterator::CATCH_GET_CHILD (integer)

Table of Contents

ArrayIterator::current — Return current array entry
ArrayIterator::key — Return current array key
ArrayIterator::next — Move to next entry
ArrayIterator::rewind — Rewind array back to the start
ArrayIterator::seek — Seek to position
ArrayIterator::valid — Check whether array contains more entries
ArrayObject::append — Appends the value
ArrayObject::__construct — Construct a new array object
ArrayObject::count — Return the number of elements in the Iterator
ArrayObject::getIterator — Create a new iterator from an ArrayObject instance
ArrayObject::offsetExists — Returns whether the requested $index exists
ArrayObject::offsetGet — Returns the value at the specified $index
ArrayObject::offsetSet — Sets the value at the specified $index to $newval
ArrayObject::offsetUnset — Unsets the value at the specified $index
CachingIterator::hasNext — Check whether the inner iterator has a valid next element
CachingIterator::next — Move the iterator forward
CachingIterator::rewind — Rewind the iterator
CachingIterator::__toString — Return the string representation of the current element
CachingIterator::valid — Check whether the current element is valid
CachingRecursiveIterator::getChildren — Return the inner iterator's children as a CachingRecursiveIterator
CachingRecursiveIterator::hasChildren — Check whether the current element of the inner iterator has children
DirectoryIterator::__construct — Constructs a new dir iterator from a path
DirectoryIterator::current — Return this (needed for Iterator interface)
DirectoryIterator::getATime — Get last access time of file
DirectoryIterator::getCTime — Get inode modification time of file
DirectoryIterator::getFilename — Return filename of current dir entry
DirectoryIterator::getGroup — Get file group
DirectoryIterator::getInode — Get file inode
DirectoryIterator::getMTime — Get last modification time of file
DirectoryIterator::getOwner — Get file owner
DirectoryIterator::getPath — Return directory path
DirectoryIterator::getPathname — Return path and filename of current dir entry
DirectoryIterator::getPerms — Get file permissions
DirectoryIterator::getSize — Get file size
DirectoryIterator::getType — Get file type
DirectoryIterator::isDir — Returns true if file is directory
DirectoryIterator::isDot — Returns true if current entry is '.' or '..'
DirectoryIterator::isExecutable — Returns true if file is executable
DirectoryIterator::isFile — Returns true if file is a regular file
DirectoryIterator::isLink — Returns true if file is symbolic link
DirectoryIterator::isReadable — Returns true if file can be read
DirectoryIterator::isWritable — Returns true if file can be written
DirectoryIterator::key — Return current dir entry
DirectoryIterator::next — Move to next entry
DirectoryIterator::rewind — Rewind dir back to the start
DirectoryIterator::valid — Check whether dir contains more entries
FilterIterator::current — Get the current element value
FilterIterator::getInnerIterator — Get the inner iterator
FilterIterator::key — Get the current key
FilterIterator::next — Move the iterator forward
FilterIterator::rewind — Rewind the iterator
FilterIterator::valid — Check whether the current element is valid
LimitIterator::getPosition — Return the current position
LimitIterator::next — Move the iterator forward
LimitIterator::rewind — Rewind the iterator to the specified starting offset
LimitIterator::seek — Seek to the given position
LimitIterator::valid — Check whether the current element is valid
ParentIterator::getChildren — Return the inner iterator's children contained in a ParentIterator
ParentIterator::hasChildren — Check whether the inner iterator's current element has children
ParentIterator::next — Move the iterator forward
ParentIterator::rewind — Rewind the iterator
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::getChildren — Returns an iterator for the current entry if it is a directory
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::hasChildren — Returns whether current entry is a directory and not '.' or '..'
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::key — Return path and filename of current dir entry
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::next — Move to next entry
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::rewind — Rewind dir back to the start
RecursiveIteratorIterator::current — Access the current element value
RecursiveIteratorIterator::getDepth — Get the current depth of the recursive iteration
RecursiveIteratorIterator::getSubIterator — The current active sub iterator
RecursiveIteratorIterator::key — Access the current key
RecursiveIteratorIterator::next — Move forward to the next element
RecursiveIteratorIterator::rewind — Rewind the iterator to the first element of the top level inner iterator
RecursiveIteratorIterator::valid — Check whether the current position is valid
SimpleXMLIterator::current — Return current SimpleXML entry
SimpleXMLIterator::getChildren — Returns an iterator for the current entry if it is a SimpleXML object
SimpleXMLIterator::hasChildren — Returns whether current entry is a SimpleXML object
SimpleXMLIterator::key — Return current SimpleXML key
SimpleXMLIterator::next — Move to next entry
SimpleXMLIterator::rewind — Rewind SimpleXML back to the start
SimpleXMLIterator::valid — Check whether SimpleXML contains more entries
class_implements — Return the interfaces which are implemented by the given class
class_parents — Return the parent classes of the given class
iterator_count — Count the elements in an iterator
iterator_to_array — Copy the iterator into an array
spl_autoload_call — Try all registered __autoload() function to load the requested class
spl_autoload_extensions — Register and return default file extensions for spl_autoload
spl_autoload_functions — Return all registered __autoload() functions
spl_autoload_register — Register given function as __autoload() implementation
spl_autoload_unregister — Unregister given function as __autoload() implementation
spl_autoload — Default implementation for __autoload()
spl_classes — Return available SPL classes
spl_object_hash — Return hash id for given object

Code Examples / Notes » ref.spl

jce
You may access the ArrayObject as an array by using explicit typecasts:
class myArrayObject extends ArrayObject
{
   function getArray()
   {
       return (array) $this;
   }
}

prometheus - csaba dot dobai
This code is an example. By using classes like this, you gives a chance to create classes which extends another class but have most of the ability what a class extends ArrayObject (like multiple inheritance):
<?php
class foo
{
public $foo = 'foo';
} // class
class foobar extends foo implements ArrayAccess,IteratorAggregate,Countable
{
public function offsetExists($offset)
{
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
return array_key_exists($offset, $array);
}

public function offsetGet($offset)
{
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
return $array[$offset];
}

public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
{
// Makes "array" to readonly
}

public function offsetUnset($offset)
{
// Makes "array" to readonly
}

function count()
{
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
return count($array);
} // function

function getArray()
{
return array(1, 2, 3, 4);
} // function
   
function getIterator()
{
return new ArrayIterator(array(1, 2, 3, 4));
} // function
   
function __toString()
{
return 'String test';
} // function
} // class
$foobar = new foobar();
print $foobar[0].'<br/>';
print $foobar->foo.'<br/>';
print count($foobar).'<br/>';
foreach ($foobar as $k=>$v)
{
print $k.'=>'.$v.'<br/>';
} // foreach
var_dump($foobar->getArray());
print $foobar;
/* Generated output:
1
foo
4
foo=>foo
array
 'foo' => string 'foo' (length=3)
String teszt
*/
?>
For proper use you must be define all these methods except getArray()
Browse SPL's sources to be a very helpful think.
ps.: sry for my english

villewittgmailcom
These to funtions has excatly the same output, the only diff. is in which directory iterator they use. I hope someone out there can use it:
<?
function listfilesin1 ($dir = ".", $depth=0) {
echo "Dir: ".$dir."<br/>";
foreach(new DirectoryIterator($dir) as $file) {
if (!$file->isDot()) {
if ($file->isDir()) {
$newdir = $file->getPathname();
listfilesin1($newdir, $depth+1);
} else {
echo "($depth)".$file->getPathname() . "<br/>";
}
}
}
}
function listfilesin2 ($dir = ".", $depth=0) {
echo "Dir: ".$dir."<br/>";
foreach(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($dir) as $file) {
if ($file->hasChildren(false)) {
$newdir = $file->key();
listfilesin2($newdir, $depth+1);
} else {
echo "($depth)".$file->key() . "<br/>";
}
}
}
listfilesin();
?>

helly
There is a RecursiveFilterIterator that makes the above code much easier. And then ther is ParentIterator thta is already a filtering recursive iterator that only accepts elements that have children, with a RecursiveDirectoryIterator as inner iterator you would obviously get only the directories. Further more it ensures that it creates the correct children. All in all you simply need to do this:
$it = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path);
$it = new ParentIterator($it);
$it = new RecursiveIteratorIteator($it);
foreach($it as $dir  => $o) { ... }

dave
There are some interfaces used here that are not documented.  It took a bit to figure this one out, but you can create your own ArrayObject type class (that is, one who's objects can be access using the array [$index] syntax).
Your class must just implement ArrayAccess.  Which has four abstract methods you must define.  For example:
<?php
class Collection Implements ArrayAccess{

protected $array;

function offsetExists($offset){

if(isset($this->array[$offset])){
return TRUE;
}
else{
return FALSE;
}

}

function offsetGet($offset){

return $this->array[$offset];

}

function offsetSet($offset, $value){

if($offset){
$this->array[$offset] = $value;
}
else{
$this->array[] = $value;
}

}

function offsetUnset($offset){

}


}
?>
You'll have to jump through a couple more hoops to get foreach and print_r and the likes to behave properly.  But with just this, you can :
<?php
     $col = new Collction();
     $col[] = new ObjectX();
     $col[] = new ObjectX(123);
     echo $col[0]->name;
     // etc.
?>

kevin
The most comprehensive of all tutorials regarding SPL has been written with some help from Marcus and can be found here.
http://www.phpro.org/tutorials/Introduction-to-SPL.html
Enjoy

adove
Something to note that, at least to me, seems pretty important and is not entirely clear in the documentation is the fact that the ArrayObject class supports get/set on uni-dimensional keys and get ONLY on *passed* multi-dimensional keys/paths (see source below). If you, like me, need to support array accesss overloading for multi-dimensional data, you will need to derive from ArrayObject and overide the ArrayAccess interface methods to "walk" passed data and convert embedded arrays to objects of some kind...
Reference Bug 34816 @ http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=34816.
Illustration of the issue:
$a = array(
   "test" => array(
       "one" => "dunno",
       "two" => array(
           "peekabo" => "do you see me?",
           "anyone" => array("there")
           )
       )
   );
$oArray = new ArrayObject($a);
var_dump($oArray);
$oArray["three"] = "No problems here.";
echo "\n\\test\\one == " . $oArray["test"]["one"] . "\n\n";
// NEITHER of the two below will work!
$oArray["test"]["one"] = "Yes I do!";
$oArray["test"]["yes"] = array(
   "hello" => "Goodbye!"
   );
var_dump($oArray);
---
Note from the extension author:
Actually there is RecursiveArrayObject and RecursiveArrayIterator to deal with recursive structures. However this does not always solve all multidimensional issues as expected.

prometheus - csaba dot dobai
Oops, I was take a mistake on previos post's last comment. Here it is the correct version:
<?php
/* Generated output:
1
foo
4
0=>1
1=>2
2=>3
3=>4
array
 0 => int 1
 1 => int 2
 2 => int 3
 3 => int 4
String test
*/
?>
Sorry for that, I missed to refresh my browser :)

mastabog
Marcus Boerger has done a wonderful job developing the SPL. He also provided many examples using the SPL that can be found in the php5 sources. Just unpack the sources and in the ext/spl/examples directory you have some very nice ones. Thank you Marcus for all your efforts!
Now, a contribution of mine (i think it will be implemented later anyway). The RecursiveIteratorIterator could use a depth limit option. Very useful in many situations (e.g. show just the 1st subdirectory of a list of dirs). I'm sure this can be done in other ways. Here's my 2 cents:
<?php
/**
* Limit Depth RecursiveIteratorIterator class
*
*/
class LimitRecursiveIteratorIterator extends RecursiveIteratorIterator
{
   protected $depth_limit;
   /**
    * No depth limit by default
    *
   **/
   public function __construct (Iterator $it, $mode = RIT_SELF_FIRST, $depth_limit = -1)
   {
       parent::__construct($it, $mode);
       $this->depth_limit = $depth_limit;
   }
   /**
    * After the call to next() if depth is bigger than limit then
    * just skip all subIterators for that depth until depth end.
    *
   **/
   public function next ()
   {
       parent::next();
       if ($this->getDepth() == $this->depth_limit)
       {
           while ($this->getSubIterator()->valid())
               $this->getSubIterator()->next();
           parent::next();
       }
   }
}
?>
Then you can try this:
<?php
/**
* Directories only filter iterator class
*
*/
class DirectoriesOnlyIterator extends FilterIterator implements RecursiveIterator
{
   public function __construct ($path)
   {
       parent::__construct(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path));
   }
   public function accept()
   {
       return $this->getInnerIterator()->hasChildren();
   }
   public function hasChildren ()
   {
       return $this->getInnerIterator()->hasChildren();
   }
   
   public function getChildren ()
   {
       return new self($this->getInnerIterator()->getPathname());
   }
}
$it = new LimitRecursiveIteratorIterator(new DirectoriesOnlyIterator('c:'), RIT_SELF_FIRST, 2);
// list all dirs and 1st subdir of the c: drive (might take a while depending on how many you have)
foreach ($it as $key => $value)
{
   echo str_repeat('    ', $it->getDepth()) . "$value\n";
}
?>
This is considerably faster than using just the RecursiveIteratorIterator and ignoring yourself in the foreach loop the values for depth > limit (i.e. if($it->getDepth() > $limit) continue;). that is because the class will still parse everything up to the last depth level of every head node.
You can then play and display nice trees (might need a while() loop or the CachingRecursiveIterator to detect end nodes/leafs). There is already an example provided by Marcus in the ext/spl/examples dir i mentioned above.
Happy SPL-ing :),
Bogdan
P.S. I think some of the classes should call rewind() at instantiation time ... If you try to put a Caching* object in a foreach loop you will lose the first/last element. Instead, you should call rewind() and then go with a while($cit->valid()) loop and using current() and key() inside it.

just_somedood
Just a follow up on dave at tunasoft's post.  To give his example of ArrayAccess use of foreach, it's easiest to implement IteratorAggregate and use the ArrayIterator object as the iterator, as below:
<?php
class Collection implements ArrayAccess,IteratorAggregate
{
public $objectArray = Array();
//**these are the required iterator functions
function offsetExists($offset)
{          
if(isset($this->objectArray[$offset]))  return TRUE;
else return FALSE;          
}

function & offsetGet($offset)
{  
if ($this->offsetExists($offset))  return $this->objectArray[$offset];
else return (false);
}

function offsetSet($offset, $value)
{          
if ($offset)  $this->objectArray[$offset] = $value;
       else  $this->objectArray[] = $value;
}

function offsetUnset($offset)
{
unset ($this->objectArray[$offset]);
}

function & getIterator()
{
return new ArrayIterator($this->objectArray);
}
//**end required iterator functions
public function doSomething()
{
echo "I'm doing something";
}
}
?>
I LOVE the new SPL stuff in PHP.  The above allows you to have methods inside of your array, and when treated as an array the data components are returned, such as:
<?php
class Contact
{
protected $name = NULL;
public function set_name($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}

public function get_name()
{
return ($this->name);
}
}
$bob = new Collection();
$bob->doSomething();
$bob[] = new Contact();
$bob[5] = new Contact();
$bob[0]->set_name("Superman");
$bob[5]->set_name("a name of a guy");
foreach ($bob as $aContact)
{
    echo $aContact->get_name() . "\r\n";
}
?>
Would work just fine.  This make code so much simpler and easy to follow, it's great.  This is exactly the direction I had hoped PHP5 was going!

ericjr !_
In addition to "mastabog at hotmail dot com"`s note about the recursive directory iterator, his method skips symlinked directories, because getChildren() doesn't return true if the directory is symlinked.
To fix this, the script should always instanciate an innerInterator when dealing with symlinked directories like so:
<?
class DirectoriesOnlyIterator extends FilterIterator implements RecursiveIterator
{
  public function __construct ($path)
  {
      parent::__construct(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path));
  }
  public function accept()
  {
      return $this->getInnerIterator()->hasChildren();
  }
  public function hasChildren ()
  {
      return $this->hasChildren() || $this->isLink();
  }
 
  public function getChildren ()
  {
      return new self($this->getInnerIterator()->getPathname());
  }
}

zaufi
I'v done with my PluginsManager... Sample code to use plugins may looks lije this:
<?php
require_once('lib/plugins-manager.inc.php');
// Load and use conctere plugin module
$p = new Plugin('test.class.php');
$test = $p->class_factory('test', 1, 2);
$test->foo();
// ... oneliner ;)
$p = $pm['test.class.php']->class_factory('test', 1, 2)->foo();
// Scan for plugable modules, construct an instance and call foo()
$pm = new PluginsManager('.');
foreach ($pm as $p)
{
   $p->class_factory('test', 1, 2)->foo();
}
?>
You may download php files at my tw.o page: http://tikiwiki.org/tiki-index.php?page=UserPagezaufi (see page attachments below)

phil &ersat; flatnet.net
Here's a sample implementation of the RecursiveDirectoryIterator class. It prints a simple treeview of a given directory:
<?php
function recurse($it) {
  echo '<ul>';
  for( ; $it->valid(); $it->next()) {
      if($it->isDir() && !$it->isDot()) {
          printf('<li class="dir">%s</li>', $it->current());
          if($it->hasChildren()) {
              $bleh = $it->getChildren();
              echo '<ul>' . recurse($bleh) . '</ul>';
          }
      } elseif($it->isFile()) {
          echo '<li class="file">'. $it->current() . ' (' . $it->getSize(). ' Bytes)</li>';
      }
  }
  echo '</ul>';
}
recurse(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('D:/'));
?>

mike
Excelent article here by Harry Fuecks...
http://www.sitepoint.com/print/php5-standard-library
and some auto generated documentation that could be of some use here...
http://www.php.net/~helly/php/ext/spl/index.html

semperluc
<?php
/*
How to store SPL Iterator results (rather than just echo-and-forget):
The library of Iterators  are object based, so you need to trick the little rascals into an array.  
Here's how (two ways) ...
1. Explicit typecasts: $a[] = (array)$Obj->objMethod();
2. Array definition: $a[] = array( key => $Obj->objMethod() );
Examples: DirectoryIterator()
*/
// 1. explicity typecast object as array
foreach ( new DirectoryIterator('./') as $Item )
{
 $fname = (array)$Item->getFilename();
 $dir_listing[] = $fname[0];
}
//
echo "<pre>";
print_r($dir_listing); unset($dir_listing);
echo"</pre><hr />";
//
// or
// 2. define array as key => object->method
foreach ( new DirectoryIterator('./') as $Item )
{
 $dir_listing[] = array (
   "fname" => $Item->getFilename(),
   "path" => $Item->getPathname(),
   "size" => $Item->getSize(),
   "mtime" => $Item->getMTime()
 );
}
//
echo "<pre>";
print_r($dir_listing); unset($dir_listing);
echo"</pre>";
//
?>

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